The careful evaluation of the rubber formulation revealed significant improvements through strategic inclusion of PPG, hydroxypropyl starch, and zinc oxide. At first, problems regarding manufacturing plus performance were addressed by adjusting individual ingredient level. Specifically, polypropylene glycol functioned as the softener, enhancing col

A careful evaluation of a rubber formulation indicated significant improvements through intelligent addition of polypropylene glycol, starch ether, and zinc powder. At first, difficulties concerning processing and mechanical behavior were addressed by optimizing individual additive level. In particular, polypropylene glycol acted as the plasticizer